CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction / Pendahuluan
Introduction to the chapter.
Brief outline of the chapter study/research. What do you
want to find out (Not more than 300 words).
Example of research topic: The Relationship between Stress and
Work Performance among Lecturers in Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM)
1.2 Background of the study /
Latar Belakang Kajian
Give an overview of the context and the variables
of the study (Pages: 2-3).
Bincang latar belakang IV & DV diperingkat internasional
(umum) atau di Malaysia (khusus).
Boleh masukkan topik berkenaan “kepentingan” variable (IV
& DV) yang dikaji terhadap negara, masyarakat atau individu.
1.3 Problem Statement /
Pernyataan Masalah
Nampakkan masalah yg berlaku jika
tahap IV & tahap DV adalah rendah.
Kaitkan isu tersebut dengan situasi
/ keadaan di Malaysia, lokasi atau tempat kajian yang
dibuat.
Kenyataan perlu sokongan bukti /
statistik drp sumber rujukan yang sahih.
Justification of doing the research.
Characteristic: very focused.
OR find “gap” compare with previous
research (what else can be done in your research?)
In the example given, it would be
the significance of solving stress and work performance among lecturers in UTM:
o Who does the problem affect? (UTM lecturers)
o What are the issues?
o When does the issue occur?
o Where does the issue occur?
o Why is it important to understand the problem?
o How does a correlational study contributes to solving the
problem?
State each problem in one paragraph and the problems should
lead to the formulation of research questions and research objectives.
1.4 Research Questions /
Persoalan Kajian
• Derived from
the problem statement.
• Written in
question forms. Examples;
• What is level of stress (IV) among UTM lectures?
• What is level of work performance (DV) among UTM lectures?
• Whether there are relationships between the IV and DV?
1.5 Research Objectives /
Objektif Kajian
Based on research questions.
Use good outcome-based verbs. Examples: To compare, to
examine, to analyze, to differentiate.
Do not use poor verbs such as: to understand, to explore, to
examine and to discuss. These words are process words.
For further details refer to:
http://www.phrasebank.manchester.ac.uk/
1.6 Significance of the study /
Kepentingan Kajian
Who will benefit from the study?
In what ways does the study benefit people (who) above in
terms of knowledge and practicality. In essence, “who” will benefit “what” and
in “what” ways.
1.7 Scope of Study / Skop Kajian
Explain purpose of the study, variables involved, research
design, sample of study and the company/industry involved in their study
(Maximum two paragraphs/250 words).
1.8 Limitations of study / Had
Kajian
Limitations are constraints that will affect the
operationalization of the study. This includes resources, nature of the study
and the characteristics of samples.
For example: using a cross sectional study, small sample,
using only questionnaire of data collection which a self-report in nature).
A good study provides the means to overcome the constraints.
1.9 Conceptual Definitions /
Definisi Konsepsual
These are definitions of the Independence Variables (IV) and
Dependent Variables (DV) of the study that are accompanied by citations.
1.10 Operational Definitions /
Definisi Operasi
State how IV and DV are operationalized within the study
context. Explain too how do the IV and DV will be measured (instrument). All
concepts chosen must be accompanied with citations.
1.11 Summary
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CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE
REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
Introduce the chapter by explaining the purpose of the
chapter and its coverage of your literature review.
State too how are you going to organize your chapter.
2.2 Discussion of the
Independent Variables (IV)
Explanation and discussion of the theories and models
related to the study. Empirical research involving the IV (previous studies)
2.3 Discussion on the Dependent
Variables (DV)
Explanation and discussion of the theories and models
related to the study. Empirical research on the DV (previous studies)
2.4 Previous Research - Relationship
between IV & DV
Bincangan kajian-kajian (mungkin 7,8 kajian) lepas luar dan
dalam negara yang berkaitan dengan hubungan IV & DV. Dapatkan kajian yang
terkini (tahun 2000 ke atas)
2.5 Research Framework
Research framework must be derived from the literature
review (including the empirical research of IV and DV) as reviewed above and
should be presented in the form of a diagram.
The diagram must be followed by explanation.
2.6 Summary
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CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction
Introduce the chapter by explaining the purpose of the
chapter 3. State too how are you going to organize your chapter.
3.2 Research Design
Explain the design that you are going to use, such as
quantitative or qualitative; correlational, cross sectional, longitudinal or
experimental.
3.3 Population and sampling
Provide information on the population of study
Provide sampling method (for example; simple random
sampling, stratified random sampling, purposive sampling)
Explanation on how to determine the sample size.
3.4 Research Instrument
Description of instruments by providing in detail the number
of parts, the number of items in each part, the purpose of each of the part.
3.4.1 Validity
Only established instruments are allowed, with sources of
instruments cited. To ensure validity, only use instruments that have
been established.
3.4.2 Reliability
Report the reliability of the instrument from
previous studies
3.4.3 Pilot Test
Determine and report the value of Cronbach Aplha of your
research
3.5 Data Collection Procedure
Briefly explain how data will be collected. A diagram may be
useful.
3.6 Data Analysis
Explain how each research objectives will be/were answered. Provide
justification as to why each method of analysis is used (for example; if you
are examining the relationship between IV and DV, the suitable statistical
analysis is using Pearson correlation).
Tabulate (table) the objectives of the study and the data
analysis method.
3.8 Summary
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CHAPTER 4
DATA
ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
4.1 Introduction
Introduce the chapter by explaining the purpose chapter 4
and its organization. Mention the return rate of your survey.
4.2 Analysis.
4.2.1 Demographic Details of the Respondents
Present the demographic analysis using tables or charts. Do
not repeat in words what is presented in the tables or chart but give meanings.
4.2.2 Objective 1
Present the results of objective 1 using tables or charts. Explain
by giving meanings to the presentation in the tables or charts; but do not
interpret.
4.2.3 Objective 2
Present the results of objective 2 using tables or charts. Explain
by giving meanings to the presentation in the tables or charts; but do not
interpret.
4.2.4 Objective 3
Present the results of objective 3 using tables or charts. Explain
by giving meanings to the presentation in the tables or charts; but do not
interpret.
[Guideline] Provide clear, systematic presentation of
results, linking them back to the objectives. Do not discuss but give meanings
to the data. Table or chart addressing each of the objectives and illustrate
and summarize all numeric information related to objectives.
Explain key results in tables or charts.
Extremely long tables, charts or very detailed information
should be included in an Appendix.
Keep tables or charts on one page.
Appropriate statistical symbols should be utilized to report
the findings. Explain the symbol in the “list of symbols”
4.3 Summary
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CHAPTER 5
DISCUSSION,
RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION
5.1 Introduction
Introduce the chapter by explaining the purpose of the
chapter and its organization.
5.2 Discussion
State that the discussion will be according to the research
objectives:
o Objective 1
o Objective 2
o Objective 3
• Discuss your
findings in relation to the theoretical framework introduced in the literature
reviews.
• Discuss how
key findings are compared or contrasted with past research. Discuss the
implication of the findings.
5.3 Recommendation
Make recommendations to the people who benefit from the
study as stated in topic 1.7.
Recommendations must include future research.
5.4 Summary
Provide answers to research questions or hypotheses posed in
Chapter 1. Highlight that you have addressed all your research objectives.
Restate the most interesting or the most crucial findings.
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REFERENCES
References must be precise and relevant to the variables of
the study. References also must be up to date (i.e., 10 years back for the
empirical study).
Referencing style must follow UTM format (refer
http://www.sps.utm.my/sps/academic-resources.html).
Student must use end-notes for referencing system.